Flash joule heating is initially used for graphene production to transform food wastes into something useful. However, the modern method has shifted to retrieving important metals from electronic ...

Electronic waste contains precious metals, which can be safely dissolved and separated with recyclable fatty acids, without the use of corrosive substances. A new technique enables the use of, for ...

The laser is based on a phenomenon discovered during the past century, and laser technology became real and concrete at the beginning of the 1960s. In less than 50 years, it has become the basis for ...